It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 6: Features on this site are not supported by that browser version. Please upgrade to the latest version of Internet Explorer.

You are viewing a version of the Ocean Optics Web Book site specially-formatted for printing.

Ocean Optics Web Book

Skip to main content
Ocean Optics Web Book

References

Publications

Page updated: Nov 29, 2011
Principle author: Curtis Mobley
 

Aas (1984)

Aas, E. 1984. Influence of shape and structure on light scattering by marine particles. Inst. Geophys. Rpt. 53, University of Oslo.

Aas (1996)

Aas E. 1996. A Refractive index of phytoplankton derived from its metabolite composition. J. Plankton Research 18(12), 2223-2249.

Acharya et al. (1998)

Acharya, P.K., et al., 1998. MODTRAN User's Manual, Versions 3.7 and 4.0. Air Force Res. Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA., 80 pages. Details online

Apfel (1972)

Apfel, R.E. 1972. The tensile strength of liquids. Sci. Am. 227, 58-62, 67-71.

Arnott and Marston (1988a)

Arnott, W. and P.L. Marston. 1988a. Optical glory of small freely rising gas bubbles in water: observed and computed cross-polarized backscattering patterns. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 5, 496-506.

Arnott and Marston (1988b)

Arnott, W.P. and P.L. Marston. 1988b. Backscattering of laser light from freely rising spherical and spheroidal air bubbles in water. SPIE, 925 Ocean Optics IX, 296-307.

Arnott and Marston (1991)

Arnott, W. and P.L. Marston. 1991. Unfolded optical glory of spheroids: backscattering of laser light from freely rising spheroidal air bubbles in water. Appl. Opt. 30 3429-3442.

Arnone et al. (2004)

Arnone, R.A., A.M. Wood, and R.W. Gould Jr. 2004. Water mass classification. Oceanography 17(2, 14-15.

Arons and Peppard (1969)

Arons, A.B. and M.B. Peppard. 1969. Concerning an heuristic point of view toward the emission and transformation of light. Am. J. Phys. 33, 367. English translation of Einstein, A. (1905), Ann. Phys. 17, 132.

Austin and Halikas (1974)

Austin, R.W. and G. Halikas. 1974. The index of refraction of seawater. SIO Ref. 76-1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Babin (2008)

Babin, M. 2008. Phytoplankton fluorescence: Theory, current literature and in situ measurement. In M. Babin, C.S. Roesler and J.J. Cullen [eds.], Real-time coastal observing systems for ecosystem dynamics and harmful algal blooms, UNESCO.

Babin et al. (2003a)

Babin, M., A. Morel, V. Fournier-Sicre, F. Fell, and D. Stramski. 2003a. Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters as related to the particle mass concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48, 843-859. Available online

Babin et al. (2003b)

Babin, M., D. Stramski, G.M. Ferrari, H. Claustre, A. Bricaud, G. Obolensky, and N. Hoepffner. 2003b. Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles, and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 3211, doi:3210.1029/2001JC000882. Available online

Babin and Stramski (2004)

Babin, M. and D. Stramski. 2004. Variations in the mass-specific absorption coefficient of mineral particles suspended in water. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 756-767. Available online

Bailey et al. (2010)

Bailey, S.W., B.A. Franz, and P.J. Werdell, 2010. Estimation of near-infrared water-leaving reflectance for satellite ocean color data processing. Optics Exp. 18(7), 7521-7527.

Balch et al. (1996)

Balch, W.M., K.A. Kilpatrick, P. Holligan, D. Harbour, and E. Fernandez. 1996. The 1991 coccolithophore bloom in the central North Atlantic .1. Relating optics to coccolith concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41(8): 1684-1696.

Baldy (1988)

Baldy, S. 1988. Bubbles in the close vicinity of breaking waves: Statistical characteristics of the generation and dispersion mechanism. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 8239-8248.

Baldy and Bourguel (1985)

Baldy, S. and M. Bourguel. 1985. Measurement of bubbles in a stationary field of breaking waves by a laser-based single-particle scattering technique. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 1037-1047.

Beebe (1934)

Beebe, W. 1934. A half mile down. The National Geographic Magazine, LXVI, No. 6, 661-704.

Bidigare et al. (1990)

Bidigare, R.R., M.E. Ondrusek, J.H. Morrow, and D. Kiefer. 1990. In vivo absorption properties of algal pigments. Ocean Optics X Proc. SPIE, 1302, 290-302.

Binding and Bowers (2003)

Binding, C.E. and D.G. Bowers. 2003. Measuring the salinity of the Clyde Sea from space. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., 57, 605-611.

Binding et al. (2005)

Binding, C.E., D.G. Bowers and E.G. Mitchelson-Jacob. 2005. Estimating suspended sediment concentrations from ocean colour measurements in moderately turbid waters: The impact of variable particle scattering propoerties. Remote Sensing of Environment, 94, 373-383.

Bishop (1999)

Bishop, J.K.B. 1999. Transmissometer measurement of POC. Deep Sea Res. I, 46, 353-369.

Bishop et al. (1999)

Bishop, J.K.B., S.E. Calvert, and M.Y.S. Soon. 1999. Spatial and temporal variability of POC in the northeast Subarctic Pacific. Deep Sea Res. II, 46, 2699-2733.

Bissett et al. (1999)

Bissett, W.P., K.L. Carder, J.J. Walsh, and D.A. Dieterle. 1999. Carbon cycling in the upper waters of the Sargasso Sea: II. Numerical simulation of the apparent and inherent optical properties. Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 271-317.

Blough and Del Vecchio (2002)

Blough, N.V. and R. Del Vecchio. 2002. Chromophoric DOM in the coastal environment. In: D. A. Hansell and C. A. Carlson [eds.], Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Academic Press, 509-546.

Bohren and Huffman (1983)

Bohren, C.F. and D.R. Huffman. 1983. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, John Wiley & Sons.

Boss et al. (2001a)

Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, W.D. Gardner, J.R.V. Zaneveld, A.H. Barnard, M.S. Twardowski, G.C. Chang, and T.D. Dickey. 2001a. Spectral particulate attenuation and particle size distribution in the bottom boundary layer of a continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 9509-16. Available online

Boss et al. (2001b)

Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, J.R.V. Zaneveld, and A.H. Barnard. 2001b. Spatial and temporal variability of absorption by dissolved material at a continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 9499-507. Available online

Boss et al. (2001c)

Boss, E., M.S. Twardowski, and S. Herring. 2001c. Shape of the particulate beam attenuation spectrum and its inversion to obtain the shape of the particulate size distribution. Appl. Opt. 40, 4885-93. Available online

Boss et al. (2004)

Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, M. Lee, M. Twardowski, E. Shybanov, G. Korotaev, and F. Baratange. 2004. Particulate backscattering ratio at LEO 15 and its use to study particle composition and distribution. J. Geophys. Res. 109(C1), doi:10.1029/2002JC001415. Available online

Boss et al. (2009a)

Boss, E., W.H. Slade, M. Behrenfeld, and G. Dall'Olmo. 2009a. Acceptance angle effects on the beam attenuation in the ocean. Optics Express 17(3), 1535-1550. Available online

Boss et al. (2009b)

Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, and P. Hill. 2009b. Effect of particulate aggregation in aquatic environments on the beam attenuation and its utility as a proxy for particulate mass. Optics Express 17(11), 9408-9420. Available online

Boss et al. (2009c)

Boss, E., W. Slade, and P. Hill. 2009c. Effect of particulate aggregation in aquatic environments on the beam attenuation and its utility for particulate mass. Opt. Express, 17, 9408-9420.

Bowers and Binding (2006)

Bowers, D.G. and C.E. Binding. 2006. The optical properties of mineral suspended particles: a review and synthesis. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., 67, 219-230.

Bowers and Brett (2008)

Bowers, D.G. and H.L. Brett. 2008. The relationship between CDOM and salinity in estuaries: an analytical and graphical solution. Journal of Marine Systems, 73, 1-7.

Bowers et al. (2010)

Bowers, D.G., K.M. Braithwaite, W.A.M. Nimmo-Smith, and G.W. Graham. 2010. The optical efficiency of flocs in shelf seas and estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., under review.

Breitz and Medwin (1989)

Breitz, N. and H. Medwin. 1989. Instrumentation for the acoustical measurement of bubble densities under breaking waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 739-743.

Bricaud and Stramski (1990)

Bricaud, A. and D. Stramski. 1990. Spectral absorption coefficients of living phytoplankton and nonalgal biogenous matter: A comparison between the Peru upwelling area and the Sargasso Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35(3), 562-582.

Bricaud et al. (1981)

Bricaud, A., A. Morel, and L. Prieur. 1981. Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26, 43-53.

Bricaud et al. (1983)

Bricaud, A., A. Morel, and L. Prieur. 1983. Optical-efficiency factors of some phytoplankters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 816-832.

Bricaud et al. (2004)

Bricaud, A., H. Claustre, J. Ras and K. Oubelkheir. 2004. Natural variability of phytoplanktonic absorption in oceanic waters: Influence of the size structure of algal populations. J. Geophys. Res., [Oceans] 109(C11).

Budde (1983)

Budde, W. 1983. Optical Radiation Measurements, Vol. 4. Physical Detectors of Optical Radiation, Academic Press.

Carder et al. (1989)

Carder, K.L., R.G. Steward, G.R. Harvey, and P.B. Ortner. 1989. Marine humic and fulvic acids: their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 68-81.

Cartmill and Su (1993)

Cartmill, J. and M.-Y. Su. 1993. Bubble size distribution under saltwater and freshwater breaking waves. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 20, 25-31.

Chang et al. (2003)

Chang, G.C., T.D. Dickey, E. Boss, C.D. Mobley, and W.S. Pegau. 2003. Toward closure of upwelling radiance in coastal waters. Applied Optics 42(9), 1574-1582.

Chomko and Gordon (1998)

Chomko, R.M. and H.R. Gordon, 1998. Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery: use of the Junge power-law aerosol size distribution with variable refractive index to handle aerosol absorption. Appl. Optics 37(24), 5560-5572.

Ciotti et al. (2002)

Ciotti, A.M., M.R. Lewis, and J.J. Cullen. 2002. Assessment of the relationships between dominant cell size in natural phytoplankton communities and the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47(2), 404-417.

Clavano et al. (2007)

Clavano, W.R., E. Boss, and L. Karp-Boss. 2007. Inherent optical properties of non-spherical marine-like particles - from theory to observations. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 45, 1-38.

Crawford and Farmer (1987)

Crawford, G.B. and D.M. Farmer. 1987. On the spatial distribution of ocean bubbles. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 8231-8243.

Cullen (2008)

Cullen, J.J. 2008. Observation and prediction of harmful algal blooms. In M. Babin, C.S. Roesler and J.J. Cullen [eds.], Real-time coastal observing systems for ecosystem dynamics and harmful algal blooms, UNESCO.

Dall'Olmo et al. (2009)

Dall'Olmo, G., T.K. Westberry, M.J. Behrenfeld, E. Boss, and W.H. Slade. 2009. Significant contribution of large particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean. Biogeosciences 6, 947-967.

Davis (1955)

Davis, G.E. 1955. Scattering of light by an air bubble in water. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 572-581.

Davison and Sykes (1957)

Davison, B. and J.B. Sykes. 1957. Neutron Transport Theory, Oxford.

Deane (1997)

Deane, G.B. 1997. Sound generation and air entrainment by breaking waves in the surf zone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 192, 2671-2689.

Dekker et al. (2011)

Dekker A.G., S.R. Phinn, J. Anstee, W.P. Bissett, V.E. Brando, B. Casey, P. Fearns, J. Hedley, W. Klonowski, Z.P. Lee, M. Lynch, M. Lyons, C.D. Mobley, and C. Roelfsema, 2011. Inter-comparison of shallow water bathymetry, hydro-optics, and benthos mapping techniques in Australian and Caribbean coastal environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods (in press).

Del Castillo and Miller (2008)

Del Castillo, C.E. and R.L. Miller. 2008. On the use of ocean colour remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon by the Mississippi river plume. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 836-844.

Dereniak and Crowe (1984)

Dereniak, E.L. and D.G. Crowe. 1984. Optical Radiation Detectors, John Wyley & Sons.

Desiderio (2000)

Desiderio, R.A. 2000. Application of the Raman Scattering Coefficient of water to calculations in marine optics. Appl. Opt. 39, 1893-1894.

Doxaran et al. (2009)

Doxaran, D., J-M. Froidefond, P. Castaing, and M. Babin. 2009. Dynamics of the turbidity maximum zone in a macrotidal estuaryu (the Gironde, France): observations from field and MODIS satellite data. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., 81, 321-332.

Duysens (1956)

Duysens, L.M.N. 1956. The flattening effect of the absorption spectra of suspensions as compared to that of solutions. Biochim. biophys. Acta 19, 1-12.

Eisberg and Resnick (1985)

Eisberg, R. and R. Resnick. 1985. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles; Second Edition, John Wyley & Sons.

Falkowski and Kiefer (1985)

Falkowski, P. and D. A. Kiefer. 1985. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence in phytoplankton - relationship to photosynthesis and biomass. J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715-731.

Falkowski and Owens (1980)

Falkowski, P.G. and T.G. Owens. 1980. Light-shade adaptation - 2 strategies in marine-phytoplankton. Plant Physiol. 66(4): 592-595.

Falkowski and Raven (2007)

Falkowski, P.G. and J.A. Raven. 2007. Aquatic photosynthesis: 2nd ed. Princeton University Press.

Feynman (1985)

Feynman, R.P. 1985. QED. The Strange Story of Light and Matter, Princeton Univ. Press.

Flatau et al. (1999)

Flatau, P.J., J. Piskozub, and J.R.V.Zaneveld. 1999. Asymptotic light field in the presence of a bubble-layer. Opt. Express 5, 120-124.

Flatau et al. (2000)

Flatau, P.J., M. Flatau, J.R.V. Zaneveld, and C.D. Mobley. 2000. Remote sensing of bubble clouds in sea water. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126, 2511-2523.

Flory et al. (2004)

Flory, E.N., P.S. Hill, T.G. Milligan, and J. Grant. 2004. The relation between floc area and backscattering during a spring bloom. Deep-Sea Res., 51, 213-223.

Fournier and Forand (1994)

Fournier, G. and J.L. Forand. 1994. Analytic phase function for ocean water. In Ocean Optics XII SPIE Vol. 2258, J. S. Jaffe [ed], 194-201.

Fournier and Jonasz (1999)

Fournier, G. and M. Jonasz. 1999. Computer based underwater imaging analysis. In Airborne and In-water Underwater Imaging, SPIE Vol. 3761, G. Gilbert [ed], 62-77 (with corrections).

Fox and Herzfeld (1954)

Fox, F.E. and K. Herzfeld. 1954. Gas bubbles with organic skin as cavitation nuclei. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26, 984-989.

Fujii et al. (2007)

Fujii, M., E. Boss, and F. Chai. 2007. The value of adding optics to ecosystem models: a case study. Biogeosciences Discuss. 4, 1585-1631. Available online.

Gao et al. (2000)

Gao, B.-C., M.J. Montes, Z. Ahmad, and C.O. Davis, 2000. Atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color from space. Appl. Opt. 39(6), 887-896.

Ge et al. (1993)

Ge, Y., H.R. Gordon, and K.J. Voss. 1993. Simulation of inelastic-scattering contributions to the irradiance field in the ocean: variation in Fraunhofer line depths. Appl. Opt. 32, 4028-4036.

Gershun (1936)

Gershun, A.A. 1936. Fundamental ideas of the theory of a light field (vector methods of photometric calculations), in Russian. Izvestiya Akad. Nauk SSSR, 417-430.

Gershun (1939)

Gershun, A.A. 1939. The light field. J. Math. and Phys. 18(2), 51-151.

Gordon (1973)

Gordon, H.R. 1973. Simple calculation of the diffuse reflectance of the ocean. Appl. Optics 12(12), 2803-2804.

Gordon (1975)

Gordon, H.R., O. B. Brown, and M. M. Jacobs, 1975. Computed relationships between the inherent and apparent optical properties of a flat homogeneous ocean. Appl. Optics 14(2), 417-427.

Gordon (1978)

Gordon, H.R., 1978. Removal of atmospheric effects from satellite imagery of the oceans. Appl. Optics 17(10), 1631-1636.

Gordon (1989)

Gordon, H.R. 1989. Can the Lambert-Beer law be applied to the diffuse attenuation coefficient of ocean water? Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(8), 1389-1409.

Gordon (1994)

Gordon, H.R. 1994. Modeling and simulating radiative transfer in the ocean. Chapter 1 in Ocean Optics, R.W. Spinrad, K.L. Carder and M.J. Perry [eds], Oxford.

Gordon (1997)

Gordon, H.R., 1997. Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the Earth observing system era. J. Geophys. Res. 102D, 17081-17106.

Gordon (2006)

Gordon, H.R. 2006. Backscattering of light from disklike particles: is fine-scale structure or gross morphology more important? Appl. Opt. 45, 7166-7173.

Gordon and Du (2001)

Gordon, H.R. and T. Du. 2001. Light scattering by nonspherical particles: Application to coccoliths detached from Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 1438-1454.

Gordon and Morel (1983)

Gordon, H.R. and A. Morel. 1983. Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery: A Review. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, vol. 4, Springer-Verlag.

Gordon and Wang (1994)

Gordon, H.R. and M. Wang, 1994. Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm. Appl. Opt. 33, 443-452.

Gordon et al. (2009)

Gordon, H.R., M.R. Lewis, S.D. McLean, M.S. Twardowski, S.A. Freeman, K.J. Voss, and G.C. Boynton. 2009. Spectra of particulate backscattering in natural waters. Opt. Express 17(18), 16192-16208.

Gregg and Carder (1990)

Gregg, W. and K.L. Carder. 1990. A simple solar irradiance model for cloudless maritime atmospheres. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(5), 1657-1675.

Griffiths (1981)

Griffiths, D.J. 1981. Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice-Hall.

Haines and Johnson (1995)

Haines, M.A. and B.D. Johnson. 1995. Injected bubble populations in seawater and fresh water measured by a photographic method. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 7057-7068.

Halliday and Resnick (1988)

Halliday, D. and R. Resnick. 1988. Fundamentals of Physics, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Handbook of Optics (1995)

Handbook of Optics, Volume 1: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Design

. 1995. M. Bass [ed.], McGraw-Hill.

Hansen (1971)

Hansen, J. E. 1971. Multiple scattering of polarized light in planetary atmospheres. Part II. Sunlight reflected by terrestrial water clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 1400-1426.

Hapke (1993)

Hapke, B. 1993. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Cambridge Univ. Press.

Hecht (1989)

Hecht, E. 1989. Optics, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley.

Henyey and Greenstein (1941)

Henyey, L.C. and J.L. Greenstein. 1941. Diffuse radiation in the galaxy. Astrophys. J. 93, 70-83.

Herring (2002)

Herring, S.G. 2002. A systematic survey of the modeled optical properties of nonspherical marine-like particles. MS thesis, Oregon State Univ.

Hochberg et al. (2010)

Hochberg, E., C.D. Mobley, Y. Park, J. Goodman, K.R. Turpie, B-C Gao, C.F. Bruce, R.O. Green, R.G. Knox, F.E. Muller-Karger, E.M. Middleton, P.J. Minnet, C. Gentemann, B.V. Oaida, and R.C. Zimmerman, 2010. Summary of HyspIRI Sunglint Subgroup Discussions and Analyses Fall 2009 - Spring 2010. Draft Report dated 23 June 2010.

Højerslev (1975)

Højerslev, N. 1975. A spectral light absorption meter for measurements in the sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 20(6), 1027-1034.

Højerslev and Zaneveld (1977)

Højerslev, N. and J.R.V. Zaneveld. 1977. A theoretical proof of the existence of the submarine asymtotic daylight field. Rept. No. 34, Københavns Univ. Inst. Fysisk Oceanog., Copenhagen.

Hoge et al. (1988)

Hoge, F.E. C.W. Wright, W.B. Krabill, R.R. Buntzen, G.D. Gilbert, R.N. Swift, J.K. Yungel, and R.E. Berry. 1988. Airborne lidar detection of subsurface oceanic scattering layers. Appl. Opt. 27, 3969-3977.

Holl (1970)

Holl, J.W. 1970. Nuclei and Cavitation. J. Basic Eng. 92, 681-688.

Hoepffner and Sathyendranath (1991)

Hoepffner, N. and Sathyendranath. S. 1991. Effect of pigment composition on absorption properties of phytoplankton. Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser., 73(1), 11-23.

Huffman and Zveare (1974)

Huffman, T.B. and D.L. Zveare. 1974. Sound Speed Dispersion, Attenuation and Inferred Microbubbles in the Upper Ocean. M.S. thesis, p. 119, Naval Postgraduate School.

Huot et al. (2005)

Huot, Y., C.A. Brown, and J.J. Cullen. 2005. New algorithms for MODIS sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a comparison with present data products. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 3, 108-130.

HyspIRI (2011)

HyspIRI Mission Study Website.

HydroLight Technical Documentation (2008)

Mobley, C.D. and L.K. Sundman. 2008. HydroLight 5 - EcoLight 5 Technical Documentation (2008), Sequoia Scientific, Inc. Download pdf

HydroLight Users' Guide (2008)

Mobley, C.D. and L.K. Sundman. 2008. HydroLight 5 - EcoLight 5 Users' Guide (2008),Sequoia Scientific, Inc. Download pdf

Hydrologic Optics

Preisendorfer, R.W. 1976. Hydrologic Optics, in 6 volumes: Vol. 1: Introduction, 218 pp; Vol. 2: Foundations, 400 pp; Vol. 3: Solutions, 246 pp; Vol. 4: Imbeddings, 207 pp; Vol. 5: Properties, 296 pp; Vol. 6: Surfaces. NOAA Pacific Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, WA. (Out of print, but available on CD from Curtis Mobley)

IOCCG (2008)

Platt, T., N. Hoepffner, V. Stuart, and C. Brown [eds]. 2008. IOCCG Report Number 7: Why Ocean Colour? The Societal Benefits of Ocean-Colour Technology. Available online

Jeffrey et al. (1997)

Jeffrey, S.W., R.F.C. Mantoura, and W.W. Wright [eds]. 1997. Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: Guidelines to modern methods (monographs on oceanographic methodology). UNESCO.

Jeffrey and Vesk (1997)

Jeffrey, S.W. and M. Vesk. 1997. Introduction to marine phytoplankton and their pigment signatures, p. 37-84. In: S.W. Jeffrey, R.F.C. Mantoura, and W.W. Wright [eds]. Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: Guidelines to modern methods (monographs on oceanographic methodology). UNESCO.

Jerlov (1968)

Jerlov, N.G. 1968. Optical Oceanography, Elsevier Oceanography Series 5.

Jerlov (1976)

Jerlov, N.G. 1976. Marine Optics, Elsevier Oceanography Series 14.

Jerlov and Nygård (1969)

Jerlov, N.G. and K. Nygård. 1969. A quanta and energy meter for photosynthetic studies. Københavns Univ. Inst. Fysisk Oceanog., Rept 10.

Johnson (1986)

Johnson, B.D. 1986. Bubble populations: Background and breaking waves, p. 69-73. In E.C. Monahan and G. Mac Niocail [eds.], Oceanic Whitecaps and their role in air-sea exchange processes, D. Reidel.

Johnson and Cooke (1979)

Johnson, B.D. and R.C. Cooke. 1979. Bubble populations and spectra in coastal waters: A photographic approach. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 3761-3766.

Johnson and Cooke (1981)

Johnson, B.D. and R.C. Cooke. 1981. Generation of stabilized microbubbles in seawater. Sci. 213, 209-211.

Johnsen et al. (1994)

Johnsen, G., N.B. Nelson, R.V.M. Jovine, and B.B. Prezelin. 1994. Chromoprotein-dependent and pigment-dependent modeling of spectral light-absorption in 2 dinoflagellates, prorocentrum-minimum and heterocapsa-pygmaea. Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser. 114(3), 245-258.

Jonasz (1987)

Jonasz, M. 1987. Nonsphericity of suspended marine particles and its influence on light scattering. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32, 1059-1065.

Jonasz and Fournier (2007)

Jonasz, M. and G.R. Fournier. 2007. Light scattering by particles in water: Theoretical and experimental foundations. Academic Press.

Kattawar (1975)

Kattawar, G.W. 1975. A three-parameter analytic phase function for multiple scattering calculations. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 15, 839-849.

Kattawar and Adams (1989)

Kattawar, G.W. and C.N. Adams. 1989. Stokes vector calculations of the submarine light field in an atmosphere-ocean with scattering according to a Reyleigh phase matrix: Effect of interface refractive index on radiance and polarization. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(8), 1453-1472.

Kattawar and Plass (1976)

Kattawar, G.W. and G.N. Plass. 1976. Asymptotic radiance and polarization in optically thick media: ocean and clouds. Appl. Optics 15(12), 3166-3178.

Kingsbury and Marston (1981)

Kingsbury, D.L. and P.L. Marston. 1981. Mie scattering near the critical angle of bubbles in water. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 358-361.

Kirk (1976)

Kirk, J.T.O. 1976. A theoretical analysis of the contribution of algal cells to the attenuation of light within natural waters, III. Cylindrical and spheroidal cells. New Phytol. 77, 341-358.

Kirk (1994)

Kirk, J.T.O. 1994. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, Second Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press.

Kirkpatrick et al. (2000)

Kirkpatrick, G.J., D.F. Millie, M.A. Moline, and O. Schofield. 2000. Optical discrimination of a phytoplankton species in natural mixed populations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45(2), 467-471.

Kolovayev (1976)

Kolovayev, D.A. 1976. Investigation of the concentration and statistical size distribution of wind-produced bubbles in the near-surface ocean. Oceanology (Engl. Transl.) 15, 659-661.

Kutser et al. (2005)

Kutser, T., D.C. Pierson, K.Y. Kallio, A. Reinart, and S. Sobek. 2005. Mapping lake CDOM by satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 94, 535-540.

Lamarre and Melville (1991)

Lamarre, E. and W.K. Melville. 1991. Air entrainment and dissipation in breaking waves. Nature 351, 469-472.

Leathers et al. (2004b)

Leathers, R.A., T.V. Downes, and C.D. Mobley. 2004. Self-shading correction for oceanographic upwelling radiometers. Opt. Express 12(20), 4709-4718. Download pdf

Leathers et al. (2004a)

Leathers, R.A., T.V. Downes, C.O. Davis, and C.D. Mobley. 2004. Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Simulations for Ocean Optics: A Practical Guide. Naval Research Lab. Rept. NRL/MR/5660-04-8819. Download pdf

Lee and Lewis (2003)

Lee, M.E. and M.R. Lewis. 2003. A new method for the measurement of the optical volume scattering function in the upper ocean. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 20, 563-571.

Leeuw and Cohen (1995)

Leeuw, G.D. and L.H. Cohen. 1995. Bubble size distribution in coastal seas. In B. Jahne and E.C. Monahan [eds.], Air-water gas transfer. AEON Verlag and Studio.

Lenoble (1993)

Lenoble, J. 1993. Atmospheric Radiative Transfer, A. Deepak.

Liboff (1980)

Liboff, R.L. 1980. Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley.

Leighton (1959)

Leighton, R.B. 1959. Principles of Modern Physics, McGraw-Hill.

Lotsberg et al. (2007)

Lotsberg, J.K., E. Marken, J.J. Stamnes, S.R. Erga, K. Aursland, and C. Olseng. 2007. Laboratory measurements of light scattering from marine particles. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 5, 34-40.

Light and Water (1994)

Mobley, C.D. 1994. Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters, Academic Press. (Out of print, but can be downloaded as a pdf document or obtained on CD from Curtis Mobley)

Ling and Pao (1988)

Ling, S.C. and H.P. Pao. 1988. Study of micro-bubbles in the North Sea, p. 197-210. In B.R. Kerman [ed.], Sea surface sound. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Maffione et al. (1993)

Maffione, R.A., K.J. Voss, and R.C. Honey. 1993. Measurement of the spectral absorption coefficient in the ocean with an isotropic light source. Appl. Optics 32(18), 3273-3279.

MacCallum et al. (2004)

MacCallum, I., A. Cunningham, and D. McKee. 2004. The measurement and modelling of light scattering by phytoplankton cells at narrow forward angles. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 6, 698-702.

Marston (1979)

Marston, P.L. 1979. Critical angle scattering by a bubble: physical-optics approximation and observations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1205-1211.

Marston et al. (1988)

Marston, P.L., B. Billette, and C. Dean. 1988. Scattering of light by a coated bubble in water near the critical and Brewster scattering angles. SPIE 925 Ocean Optics IX, 925, 308-316.

Marston and Kingsbury (1981)

Marston, P.L. and D.L. Kingsbury. 1981. Scattering by a bubble in water near the critical angle: Interference effects. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 192-196.

Marston et al. (1982)

Marston, P.L., D.S. Langley, and D.L. Kingsbury. 1982. Light scattering by bubbles in liquids: Mie theory, physical-optics approximations and experiments. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 38, 373-383.

Measures (1992)

Measures, R.M. 1992. Laser Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Applications, Krieger.

Medwin (1970)

Medwin, H. 1970. In situ acoustic measurements of bubble populations in coastal ocean waters. J. Geophys. Res. 75.

Medwin (1977)

Medwin, H. 1977. In situ acoustic measurements of microbubbles at sea. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 971-976.

Meyer-Arendt (1968)

Meyer-Arendt, J.R. 1968. Radiomenter and photometery: units and conversion factors. Appl. Optics 7, 2081-2084.

Mischenko et al. (2002)

Mischenko, M.I., L.D. Travis and A.A. Lacis. 2002. Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles, Cambridge Univ. Press. Available online

Mobley (1989)

Mobley, C.D. 1989. A numerical model for the computation of radiance distributions in natural waters with wind-roughened surfaces. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(8), 1473-1483.

Mobley (1994)

Mobley, C.D. 1994. Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters, Academic Press. (Out of print, but can be downloaded as a pdf document or obtained on CD from Curtis Mobley.

Mobley (1996)

Mobley, C.D. 1996. Monte Carlo simulation of a point light source in an infinite medium. SRI Tech Report, May 1996, 39 pages.

Mobley (1999)

Mobley, C.D. 1999. Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from above-surface measurements. Appl. Optics 38(36), 7442-7455.

Mobley (2011)

Mobley, C.D., 2011. Fast light calculations for ocean ecosystem and inverse models. Optics Express 19(20), 18927-18944.

Mobley et al. (1993)

Mobley, C.D., B. Gentili, H.R. Gordon, Z. Jin, G.W. Kattawar, A. Morel, P. Reinersman, K. Stamnes, and R. Stavn. 1993. Comparison of numerical models for the computation of underwater light fields. Applied Optics 32(36), 7484-7504.

Mobley et al. (2002)

Mobley, C.D., L.K. Sundman, and E. Boss. 2002. Phase function effects on oceanic light fields. Appl. Optics 41(6), 1035-1050.

Mobley et al. (2003)

Mobley, C.D., H. Zhang, and K.J. Voss. 2003. Effects of optically shallow bottoms on upwelling radiacnes: Bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48(1, part 2), 337-345.

Mobley et al. (2004)

Mobley, C.D., D. Stramski, W. P. Bisset, and E. Boss. 2004. Optical modeling of ocean waters: Is the case-1 case-2 still useful? Oceanography 17(2, 60-67.

Mobley et al. (2005)

Mobley, C.D., L.K. Sundman, C.O. Davis, J.H. Bowles, T.V. Downes, R.A. Leathers, M.J. Montes, W.P. Bissett, D.D.R. Kohler, R.P. Reid, E.M. Louchard, and A. Gleason. 2005. Interpretation of hyperspectral remote-sensing imagery by spectrum matching and look-up-tables. Appl. Optics 44(17), 3576-3592.

Montes and Gao (2002)

M.J. Montes and B.-C. Gao, 2002. TAFKAA Users' Guide. 30 pages. Download pdf

Morel and Bricaud (1981)

Morel, A. and A. Bricaud. 1981. Theoretical results concerning light-absorption in a discrete medium, and application to specific absorption of phytoplankton. Deep-Sea Res., Part A 28(11), 1375-1393.

Morel and Bricaud (1986)

Morel, A. and A. Bricaud. 1986. Inherent optical properties of algal cells including picoplankton theoretical and experimental results. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 214, 521-560.

Morel and Gentili (1991)

Morel, A. and Gentili, B. 1991. Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters: its dependance on sun angle as influenced by molecular scattering contribution. Applied Opt. 30, 4427-4438.

Morel and Prieur (1977)

Morel, A. and L. Prieur. 1977. Analysis of variations in ocean color. Limnol. Oceanogr., 22(4), 709-722.

Morel and Smith (1974)

Morel, A. and R.C. Smith. 1974. Relation between total quanta and total energy for aquatic photosysthesis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19(4), 591.

Morel and Smith (1982)

Morel, A. and R.C. Smith. 1982. Terminology and units in optical oceanography. Marine Geodesy 5(4), 335-349.

Mulhearn (1981)

Mulhearn, P.J. 1981. Distribution of microbubbles in coastal waters. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6429-6434.

Nechad et al. (2010)

Nechad, B., K.G. Ruddick, and Y. Park. 2010. Calibrationand validation of a generic multisensory algorithm for mapping of total suspended matter in turbid waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 854-866.

Nelson and Siegel (2002)

Nelson, N. B. and Siegel, D. A. 2002. Chromophoric DOM in the open ocean. In: C. A. Carlson (ed.), Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter., Academic Press, 547-578.

Nelson and Coble (2009)

Nelson, N.B., and P.G. Coble. 2009. Optical analysis of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Chapter 5 in: Practical Guidelines for the Analysis of Seawater, O. Wurl [ed], CRC Press.

Neville and Gower (1977)

Neville, R.A. and J.F.R. Gower. 1977. Passive remote-sensing of phytoplankton via chlorophyll-alpha fluoresence. J. Geophys. Res., C: Oceans Atmos. 82(24), 3487-3493.

Nicodemus et al. (1977)

Nicodemus, F.E., J.C. Richmond, J.J. Hsia, I.W. Ginsburg, and T. Limperis. 1977. Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance, NBS Monograph 160, National Bureau of Standards.

NRC (2011)

National Research Council. 2011. Assessing the Requirements for Sustained Ocean Color Research and Operations. National Academies Press.

O'Hern (1987)

O'Hern, T.J. 1987. Cavitation Inception Scale Effects I. Nuclei Distribution in Natural Waters II. Cavitation Inception in a Turbulent Shear Flow. Ph. D. thesis, p. 304, Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology.

O'Hern et al. (1988)

O'Hern, T.J., L. d'Agostino, and A.J. Acosta. 1988. Comparison of holographic and Coulter counter measurement of cavitation nuclei in the ocean. J. Fluids Eng. 110, 200-207.

O'Reilly et al. (1998)

O'Reilly, J.E., S. Maritorena, B.G. Mitchell, D.A. Siegel, K.L. Carder, S.A. Garver, M. Kahru, and C. McClain. 1998. Ocean chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS. J. Geophys. Res. 103(C11), 24937-24953.

Petzold (1972)

Petzold, T.J. 1972. Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters. Scripts Inst. Oceanogr. Report SIO 72-78. Download pdf

Petzold (1977)

Petzold, T.J. 1977. Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters. Chapter 12 in Light in the Sea, J.E. Tyler [ed], Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross.

Phelps and Leighton (1998)

Phelps, A.D. and T.G. Leighton. 1998. Oceanic bubble population measurements using a buoy-deployed combination frequency technique. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 23, 400-410.

Phelps et al. (1997)

Phelps, A.D., D.G. Ramble, and T.G. Leighton. 1997. The use of a combination frequency technique to measure the surf zone bubble population. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 1981-1989.

Piskozub et al. (2009)

Piskozub, J., D. Stramski, E. Terrill, and W.K. Melville. 2009. Small-scale effects of underwater bubble clouds on ocean reflectance: 3-D modeling results. Opt. Express 17, 11747-11752.

Pozdnyakov and Grassl (2003)

Pozdnyakov D.V. and Grassl H. 2003. Colour of inland and coastal waters: A methodology for its interpretation, Chichester: Springer-Praxis.

Preisendorfer (1976)

Preisendorfer, R.W. 1976. Hydrologic Optics, in 6 volumes: Vol. 1: Introduction, 218 pp; Vol. 2: Foundations, 400 pp; Vol. 3: Solutions, 246 pp; Vol. 4: Imbeddings, 207 pp; Vol. 5: Properties, 296 pp; Vol. 6: Surfaces. NOAA Pacific Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, WA. (Out of print, but available on CD from Curtis Mobley)

Preisendorfer (1988)

Preisendorder, R. W., 1988. Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography. Elsevier. 425 pages.

Prezelin and Alberte (1978)

Prezelin, B.B. and R.S. Alberte. 1978. Photosynthetic characteristics and organization of chlorophyll in marine dinoflagellates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75(4), 1801-1804.

Prieur and Morel (1971)

Prieur, L. and A. Morel. 1971. Etude theorique du regime asymptotique: relations entre caracteristiques optiques et coefficient d'extinction relatif a la penetration de la lumiere du jour. Cah. Oceanogr. 23, 35-47.

Prieur and Sathyendranath (1981)

Prieur, L. and S. Sathyendranath. 1981. An optical classification of coastal and oceanic waters based on the specific spectral absorption of phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organic matter, and other particulate materials. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26(4):671-689.

Quirantes and Bernard (2004)

Quirantes, A. and S. Bernard. 2004. Light scattering by marine algae: Two-layer spherical and nonspherical models. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 89, 311-321.

Quirantes and Bernard (2006)

Quirantes, A. and S. Bernard. 2006. Light-scattering methods for modelling algal particles as a collection of coated and/or nonspherical particles. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 100, 315-324.

Rainville (1964)

Rainville, E.D. 1964. Elementary Differential Equations, Third Edition, Macmillan.

Richards and Jia (1996)

Richards, J. A. and X. Jia, 1996. Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction. 4th Edition. Springer 439 pages.

Roesler and Perry (1995)

Roesler, C.S. and M.J. Perry. 1995. In situ phytoplankton absorption, fluorescence emission, and particulate backscattering spectra determined from reflectance. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C7), 13279-13294.

Roychoudhuri et al. (2008)

Roychoudhuri, C., A.F. Kracklauer, and K. Creath. 2008. The Nature of Light: What is a Photon?, CRC Press.

Quan and Fry (1995)

Quan, X. and E.S. Fry. 1995. Empirical equation for the index of refraction of seawater. Appl. Opt. 34, 3477-3480.

Shen et al. (1986)

Shen, Y.T., S. Gowing, and B. Eckstein. 1986. Cavitation Susceptibility Measurements of Ocean Lake and Laboratory Waters, p. 47. David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

Shifrin (1988)

Shifrin, K.S. 1988. Optics of Ocean Water. American Institute of Physics.

Seigel et al. (2000)

Siegel, D.A., M. Wang, S. Maritorena, and W. Robinson, 2000. Atmospheric correction of satellite ocean color imagery: the black pixel assumption. Appl. Optics 39(21), 3582-3591.

Smith (1985)

Smith, W.J. 1985. Modern Optical Engineering: The Design of Optical Systems, Second Edition., McGraw-Hill.

Smith and Baker (1978)

Smith, R.C. and K. Baker. 1978. The bio-optical state of ocean waters and remote sensing. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23(2), 247.

Sosik (2008)

Sosik, H.M. 2008. Characterizing seawater constituents from optical properties. In M. Babin, C.S. Roesler and J.J. Cullen [eds.], Real-time coastal observing systems for ecosystem dynamics and harmful algal blooms, UNESCO.

Stedmon et al. (2010)

Stedmon, C.A., C.L. Osburn, and T. Kragh. 2010. Tracing water mass mixing in the Baltic – North Sea transition zone using the optical properties of coloured dissolved organic matter. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sci., 87, 156-162.

Stramski et al. (2001)

Stramski, D., A. Bricaud, and A. Morel. 2001. Modeling the inherent optical properties of the ocean based on the detailed composition of the planktonic community. Appl. Opt. 40(18), 2929-2945.

Stramski and Tegowski (2001)

Stramski, D. and J. Tegowski. 2001. Effects of intermittent entrainment of air bubbles by breaking wind waves on ocean reflectance and underwater light field. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 31,345-331,360.

Stramski and Wozniak (2005)

Stramski, D. and S.B. Wozniak. 2005. On the role of colloidal particles in light scattering in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50, 1581-1591.

Stumpf and Pennock (1989)

Stumpf, R. and J.R. Pennock. 1989. Calibration of a general optical equation for remote sensing of suspended sediments in a moderately turbid estuary. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14363-14371.

Su and Cartmill (1994)

Su, M.Y. and J. Cartmill. 1994. Low-frequency underwater sound speed variations due to oceanic bubbles, p. 351-365. In M.J. Buckingham and J.R. Potter [eds.], Sea surface sound. World Scientific.

Su et al. (1988)

Su, M.Y., S.C. Ling, and J. Cartmill. 1988. Optical microbubble measurements in the North Sea, p. 211-223. In B.R. Kerman [ed.], Sea surface sound. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Subramaniam et al. (2002)

Subramaniam, A., C.W. Brown, R.R. Hood, E.J. Carpenter, and D.G. Capone. 2002. Detecting Trichodesmium blooms in SeaWiFS imagery. Deep-Sea Res., Part II 49(1-3), 107-121.

Sullivan and Twardowski (2009)

Sullivan, J.M. and M.S. Twardowski. 2009. Angular shape of the oceanic particulate volume scattering function in the backward direction. Appl. Opt. 48(35), 6811-6819.

Sullivan et al. (2005)

Sullivan, J.M., M.S. Twardowski, P.L. Donaghay, and S.A. Freeman. 2005. Use of optical scattering to discriminate particle types in coastal waters." Appl. Opt. 44(9), 1667-1680.

Sullivan et al. (2006)

Sullivan, J.M., M.S. Twardowski, J.R. Zaneveld, C. Moore, A. Barnard, P.L. Donaghay, and B. Rhoades, B. 2006. The hyper-spectral temperature and salinity dependent absorption of pure water, salt water and heavy salt water (D 2 O) in the visible and near-IR wavelengths (400 - 750 nm). Appl. Opt. 45(21), 5294-5309.

Terrill and Melville (2000)

Terrill, E.J. and W.K. Melville. 2000. A broadband acoustic technique for measuring bubble size distributions: laboratory and shallow water measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 17, 220-239.

Terrill et al. (2001)

Terrill, E.J., W.K. Melville, and D. Stramski. 2001. Bubble entrainment by breaking waves and their influence on optical scattering in the upper ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 16,815-816,823.

Timofeeva and Gorobetz (1967)

Timofeeva, U.A. and F.I. Gorobetz. 1967. The relationship between the coefficient of extinction of collimated and diffuse fluxes of light. Izv. Akad. Nauk, USSR, Series Geofizik, 3, 291-296.

Thorpe (1982)

Thorpe, S.A. 1982. On the clouds of bubbles formed by breaking wind waves in deep water, and their role in air-sea transfer. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Series A, 304, 155-210.

Thorpe (1986)

Thorpe, S.A. 1986. Measurements with an automatically recording inverted echo sounder; ARIES and the bubble clouds. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 16, 1462-1478.

Thorpe and Hall (1983)

Thorpe, S.A. and A.J. Hall. 1983. The characteristics of breaking waves, bubble clouds, and near-surface currents observed using side-scan sonar. Cont. Shelf Res. 1, 353-384.

Thorpe and Humphries (1980)

Thorpe, S.A. and P.N. Humphries. 1980. Bubbles and breaking waves. Nature 283, 463-465.

Toole et al. (2000)

Toole, D.A., D.A. Siegel, D.W. Menzies, J.J. Neumann, and R.C. Smith. 2000. Remote-sensing reflectance determinations in the coastal ocean environment: impact of instrumental characteristics and environmental variability. Appl. Optics 39(3), 456-469.

Tomlinson et al. (2009)

Tomlinson, M.C., T.T. Wynne, and R.P. Stumpf. 2009. An evaluation of remote sensing techniques for enhanced detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Remote Sens. Env. 113(3), 598-609.

Twardowski et al. (2001)

Twardowski, M.S., E. Boss, J.B. Macdonald, W.S. Pegau, A.H. Barnard, and J.R.V. Zaneveld. 2001. A model for estimating bulk refractive index from the optical backscattering ratio and the implications for understanding particle composition in case I and case II waters. J. Geophys. Res., [Oceans] 106(C7), 14129-14142.

Twardowski et al. (2004)

Twardowski, M.S., E. Boss, J.M. Sullivan, and P.L. Donaghay. 2004. Modeling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Mar. Chem. 89:69-88.

Tyler (1960)

Tyler, J.E. 1960. Radiance distribution as a function of depth in an underwater environment. Bull. Scripps Inst. Ocean. 7(5), 363-412. Download pdf

Tzortziou et al. (2006)

Tzortziou, M., J.R. Herman, C.L. Gallegos, P.J. Neale, A. Subramaniam, L.W. Harding Jr., and Z. Ahmad. 2006. Bio-optics of the Chesapeake Bay from measurements and radiative transfer closure. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sci. 68, 348-362.

Vagle and Farmer (1992)

Vagle, S. and D.M. Farmer. 1992. The measurement of bubble-size distributions by acoustical backscatter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 9, 630-644.

Vagle and Farmer (1998)

Vagle, S. and D.M. Farmer. 1998. A comparison of four methods for bubble size and void fraction measurements. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 23, 211-222.

Vaillancourt et al. (2004)

Vaillancourt, R.D., C.W. Brown, R.R.L. Guillard, and W.M. Balch. 2004. Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton: relationships to cell size, chemical composition and taxonomy. J. Plankton Res. 26(2), 191-212.

van de Hulst (1957)

van de Hulst, H.C. 1957. Light Scattering by Small Particles, John Wiley & Sons, New York. (Reprinted by Dover)

van de Hulst (1980)

van de Hulst, H.C. 1980. Multiple Light Scattering: Tables, Formulas, and Applications, Vol. 1, pages 1-299; Vol. 2, 300-739, Academic Press.

Vodacek et al. (1997)

Vodacek, A., M.D. DeGrandpre, E.T. Peltzer, R.K. Nelson, and N.V. Blough. 1997. Seasonal variation of CDOM and DOC in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Terrestrial inputs and photooxidation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 674-686.

Volten et al. (1998)

Volten, H., J.F. de Haan, J.W. Hoovenier, R. Schreurs, and W. Vassen. 1998. Laboratory measurements of angular distributions of light scattered by phytoplankton and silt. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1180-1197.

Voss (1989)

Voss, K.J. 1989. Use of the radiance distribution to measure the optical absorption coefficient in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(8), 1614-1622.

Voss and Fry (1984)

Voss, K.J. and E.S. Fry. 1984. Measurement of the Mueller matrix for ocean water. Appl. Optics 23(23), 4427-4439.

Waaland and Branton (1969)

Waaland, J.R. and D. Branton. 1969. Gas Vacuole Development in a Blue-Green Alga. 163, 1339-1341.

Walker (1994)

Walker, R.E. 1994. Marine Light Field Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Walsh and Mulhearn (1987)

Walsh, A.L. and P.J. Mulhearn. 1987. Photographic measurements of bubble populations from breaking wind waves at sea. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14553-14565.

Wernand (2011)

Wernand, M.R. 2011. Poisedon's Paintbox: Historical Archives of Ocean Color in Global-Change Perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Utrecht, 204 pages. Available online

Witkowski et al. (1998)

Witkowski, K., T. Krol, A. Zielinski, and E. Kuten. 1998. A light-scattering matrix for unicellular marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 859-869

Wolfe (1998)

Wolfe, W.L. 1998. Introduction to Radiometry, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, vol. TT29.

Wyatt and Jackson (1989)

Wyatt, P.J. and C. Jackson. 1989. Discrimination of phytoplankton via light-scattering properties. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 96-112.

Yacobi et al. (2003)

Yacobi, Y.Z., J.J. Alberts, M. Takacs, and M. McElvaine. 2003. Absorption spectroscopy of colored dissolved organic carbon in Georgia (USA) rivers: the impact of molecular size distribution. J. Limnol. 62, 41-46.

Yan et al. (2002)

Yan, B., B. Chen, B., and K. Stamnes. 2002. Role of oceanic air bubbles in atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery. Appl. Opt. 41, 2202-2212.

Yount (1979)

Yount, D.E. 1979. Skins of varying permeability: A stablization mechanism for gas cavitation nuclei. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1429-1439.

Zaneveld et al. (1994)

Zaneveld, J.R.V., J.C. Kitchen, and C.C. Moore. 1994. The scattering error correction of reflecting-tube absorption meters. SPIE Vol. 2258, Ocean Optics XII J.S. Jaffe [ed.], 44-55.

Zhang et al. (2003)

Zhang, H., K.J. Voss, R.P. Reid, and E.M. Louchard. 2003. Bidirectional reflectance measurements of sediments in the vicinity of Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Limmol. Oceanogr. 41(1, part 2), 380-389.

Zhang and Hu (2009)

Zhang, X. and Hu, L. 2009. Estimating scattering of pure water from density fluctuation of the refractive index. Opt. Express 17, 1671-1678.

Zhang et al. (2009)

Zhang, X., H. Lianbo, and M-X. He. 2009. Scattering by pure seawater: Effect of salinity. Opt. Express 17, 5698-5710.

Zhang et al. (2004)

Zhang, X., M. Lewis, W.P. Bissett, B. Johnson, and D. Kohler. 2004. Optical influence of ship wakes. Appl. Opt. 43, 3122-3132.

Zhang et al. (1998)

Zhang, X., M.R. Lewis, and B.D. Johnson. 1998. Influence of bubbles on scattering of light in the ocean. Appl. Opt. 37, 6525-6536.

Zhang et al. (2002)

Zhang, X., M.R. Lewis, M. Lee, B.D. Johnson, and G. Korotaev. 2002. Volume scattering function of natural bubble populations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1273-1282.